WorkflowClinical Development

CSR Patient Narratives

CSR patient narratives drafted from the study data, every sentence traced to the record it came from

A narrative for every serious event in under a minute, every sentence traced to the data.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
target48smedian to a first draft, every sentence cited
demo41factsin one participant's narrative, checked one by one against the latest transfer — all match
demo9narrativestouched by 14 changed records in one weekly transfer — found for the reviewer, not by re-reading
target12minof medical review per narrative, each sentence traced to its data point
In short

What is CSR Patient Narratives?

ICH E3 12.3.2 asks a clinical study report to carry a short narrative for each death, each other serious adverse event and each event of special interest, usually compiled in section 14.3.3. Each describes the event, its course timed against dosing, relevant tests, action taken with the study drug, treatment, outcome and the investigator's and sponsor's causality.

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Updated

The problem

Why patient narratives sit on the critical path to the CSR

Every clinical study report needs a narrative for each death, each other serious adverse event and each event of special interest (ICH E3 12.3.2), usually placed in section 14.3.3. A medical writer builds each one from listings and patient profiles — demographics, exposure, adverse events, concomitant medicines, labs and vital signs, disposition — and turns them into a chronological paragraph in the sponsor's template. A study physician then checks it line by line, flipping between the narrative, the AE, EX and LB listings and the sponsor's medical review forms.

The data do not stand still. Until database lock every weekly SDTM transfer can move an onset date, add a culture result or reopen a signed narrative, and by hand the writer has to re-read every draft to find the ones it touched. A date that no longer matches the sponsor's medical review, or a causality statement nobody recorded, is how a narrative becomes a question from the regulator on the CSR.

typicalUp to 4hoursto write one narrative by hand
typical200–400narrativesin the clinical study report of a large trial
Where a study's narrative days go — 247 narratives, in working daysestimated
By hand157 days
With the solution17.6 days
  • Pulling each participant's records from listings and profiles36 → 0.3 d
  • Writing the chronology in the sponsor's template62 → 0.3 d
  • Finding what each weekly transfer changed26 → 1.5 d
  • Writer QC of every fact against the data15 → 9.3 d
  • Medical review by the study physician18 → 6.2 d

Estimated split for the 247 narratives of a phase 3 study, in working days of 8 hours, by hand and with the solution — built around the published figure of up to 4 hours of writing per narrative and the review times shown in the working solution (18 min writer check, 12 min medical review).

How it works

How a narrative moves

Five agents find, build, write and check every narrative on the patient's timeline; a study physician signs.

What comes in
Study data inEvery transfer · clinical data, medical reviews, narrative plan
Agents at work
Trigger finderwho needs a narrative
Then
Patient profile builderone timeline each
Then
Narrative writereach sentence traced
Then
Data checkerfacts + medical review
Style editorhouse style
A person decides
Study physicianreviews and signs
What comes out
Signed narratives
Into the study report
Data differences queried
One case, step by step

One participant, from the latest transfer to a signed narrative

Study CRV-301 compares Corventa 5.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks with docetaxel 75 mg/m² in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: 612 participants, database lock on 16 Oct, the CSR due on 13 Nov. 247 participants need a narrative. Here is what happens to one of them, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 01Morning

    One participant's whole course on one timeline

    Dr. Sam Patel · Study physician

    Sam has 31 narratives waiting for him before lock. The first is 301-1043-0217, a 64-year-old woman at site 1043 in Lyon with Grade 3 interstitial lung disease — special interest, serious, stopped treatment. On the left, her four Corventa doses on Days 1, 22, 43 and 64, the dose held on Day 84 and stopped on Day 99, her adverse events, oxygen saturation against its normal band, medicines and hospital stay. On the right, the 289-word narrative as it will appear in section 14.3.3.

    “CSR section 14.3.3 · 289 words · 13 sentences · every sentence cited”

  2. 02One click

    Where did that sentence come from?

    Dr. Sam Patel · Study physician

    He picks the sentence “On Day 84 a chest CT scan showed bilateral ground-glass opacities with no pulmonary embolism, and oxygen saturation was 89% on room air.” The timeline dims, the SpO₂ point at 89% lights up beside the dose marked Held, and a trace line drops at Day 84. Below, the records open with the values used highlighted: the Day 84 chest CT and the vital signs, SpO₂ 89% room air, flagged low.

    “Sentence 5 → 2 sources · Day 84 (3 Jun 2026)”

  3. 03Transfer 14

    The onset date moved — as a tracked change

    Data checker

    The site corrected the onset date after query Q-1043-118, and transfer 14 carries the correction. The data checker proposes the edit in sentence 4: “Day 82 (1 Jun 2026), 18 days” becomes “Day 80 (30 May 2026), 16 days”. The sponsor's medical review already said 30 May. Sam accepts it. Lena Ortiz, the lead medical writer, has left a comment asking him to confirm the wording of the adjudication outcome in the causality paragraph; he resolves it.

    “The site corrected the onset date on Oct 5 after query Q-1043-118. Transfer 14 carries the correction; the sponsor's medical review already said 30 May.”

  4. 04Before he signs

    41 facts, 14 ICH E3 elements, no open changes

    Dr. Sam Patel · Study physician

    The checks are already done: 41 of 41 facts match transfer 14 — dates, study days, doses, grades, outcomes and causality, one by one — and the onset date now matches the sponsor's medical review. All 14 ICH E3 12.3.2 elements are present, each tied to a sentence. He signs with his password, and the meaning of the signature is stated.

    “I have reviewed the narrative for 301-1043-0217 against the study data and approve it for the clinical study report, section 14.3.3.”

  5. 05Signed

    Signed and locked for section 14.3.3

    Dr. Sam Patel · Study physician

    The narrative locks and the participant's status turns to Signed. If a later transfer changes a record behind it, it reopens only as a tracked change for him to accept or reject. Next to review takes him to the following participant in his queue.

    “Signed and locked · 301-1043-0217 is ready for section 14.3.3”

  6. 06The whole study

    Every participant who needs a narrative, on one wall

    Lena Ortiz · Lead medical writer

    One tile per participant, by trigger: 41 deaths, 20 events of special interest, 142 other serious adverse events and 44 participants who stopped treatment for an adverse event. Each tile shows its stage — to draft, drafted, data flag, in medical review, signed — and the tracker below lists the main event, arm, onset, words, facts cited and data check for each. Twelve are ready to draft.

  7. 07One click

    “Draft the next 12”

    The agents

    The trigger finder confirms 247 participants meet a trigger and 12 have no draft yet. The patient profile builder assembles 12 timelines from DM, EX, AE, CM, MH, LB, VS and DS — 1,896 records. The narrative writer writes 12 drafts in the plan's template, 1,543 words, every sentence cited. The data checker checks 204 facts against the data: 202 match and 2 differences are flagged. The style editor applies house style and MedDRA 29.1 terms. Ten go to reviewers; two wait on a data decision.

    The data checker never edits study data — a difference always reaches a person.

  8. 08A data flag

    A medicine record with no dose

    Data checker

    301-0614-0402, a 58-year-old woman on Corventa, has Grade 3 keratitis. The narrative is drafted, but 26 of 27 facts match: the record for her lubricating eye drops has no dose or frequency, and the text marks it “dose not recorded”. The reviewer can send a query to the site, copied to Dana Okafor, the clinical data manager — or settle it with a reason that is kept on the audit trail.

    “The medicine record for the lubricating eye drops has no dose or frequency.”

  9. 09A death

    A death narrative goes out with two signatures

    Dr. Sam Patel and Dr. Maya Chen

    301-2210-0088, a 71-year-old man on docetaxel, developed Grade 4 febrile neutropenia and died of septic shock on Day 31; blood cultures grew Escherichia coli, a result that arrived in transfer 14. All 34 facts match. Sam signs first — “Sign (1 of 2)” — and Dr. Maya Chen, the medical lead, is notified to sign second.

    Lena Ortiz: “Blood culture organism arrived in transfer 14 and is now in sentence 5. Deaths need your signature and Dr. Maya Chen's.”

  10. 10Every Monday until lock

    What the latest transfer changed, and which narratives it touched

    Dr. Priya Raman · Medical monitor

    Transfer 14 arrived on Oct 6 at 08:12: 53,216 records for 612 participants, 14 of them changed, touching 9 narratives. Five are already tracked changes ready for review, one was re-checked with the text unchanged, and three wait to update — one click re-drafts only the affected sentences. One signed narrative reopened because a dose date moved by a day. Serious events are cross-checked with the sponsor's medical review field by field: 312 compared, 14 differences found, 9 settled.

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who signs off a narrative.

The same narratives, seen by the five people who carry them to the CSR — what their weeks before lock looked like, and what they look like now.

SP
Dr. Sam PatelStudy physician · medical reviewer, CRV-301
Study physician
Before
Checks every narrative line by line against the listings and the medical review forms, with 31 waiting before lock and the deaths needing his signature first.
Now
Points at a sentence and sees the data points and records it came from; accepts the transfer's tracked changes and signs. “Show me where that sentence came from, and I'll sign it.”
LO
Lena OrtizLead medical writer · owner of the narrative plan
Lead medical writer
Before
Owns the narrative plan and the house style, and reviews the wording so hundreds of narratives read in one voice.
Now
Sets the triggers, the 8-section template and the house style once; the style editor applies them to every draft. “I want one voice across 247 narratives, not twelve.”
MC
Dr. Maya ChenMedical lead · second signer on deaths
Medical lead
Before
Signs every death narrative second, after reading it again against the data.
Now
Opens a death narrative already signed by the study physician, with every fact checked and every sentence traced. “A death narrative goes out with two names on it.”
PR
Dr. Priya RamanMedical monitor · serious events and discontinuations by site
Medical monitor
Before
Chases dates and results that changed in the last transfer through narratives she has already read.
Now
Sees which records each transfer changed and which narratives they touch, waiting as tracked edits. “Half my time is chasing a date that changed in the last transfer.”
DO
Dana OkaforClinical data manager · site queries
Clinical data manager
Before
Turns a reviewer's note about a narrative into a query, and works out which record it means.
Now
Receives the query the data checker drafted, naming the participant, the record and the difference. “If the data are wrong, the query should say exactly which record.”
Built on the engine

5 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Five agents find, build, write and check every narrative on the patient's timeline; a study physician signs.

Trigger finder

Applies the narrative plan to each transfer — deaths, serious adverse events, events of special interest, discontinuations — and lists every participant who needs a narrative, with the reasons. Overlaps are merged, so a participant gets one narrative covering every triggering event.

  • Never drops a participant without a person approving
  • Every match carries the rule and the record that met it
Patient profile builder

Assembles one timeline per participant from DM, EX, AE, CM, MH, LB, VS, DS, MB, PR and SU, computes study days from the first dose and keeps the record behind every value so the writer can cite it.

  • Values copied, never inferred
  • Missing values are marked missing
Narrative writer

Writes each narrative in the plan's 8 template sections, in past tense, with the study day and date at first mention, MedDRA preferred terms and the reported term in brackets. Uses the brief format for deaths clearly unrelated to study drug, and writes transfer changes as tracked changes.

  • No sentence without a source record
  • No causality opinion of its own — only the investigator's, the sponsor's or the committee's
Data checker

Checks every date, study day, dose, grade, value, outcome and causality in a draft against the cited record, cross-checks the onset, outcome and causality of serious events with the sponsor's medical review, and drafts a site query for each difference.

  • A difference always reaches a person
  • Read-only access to medical review forms; never edits study data
Style editor

Applies the house style and keeps terms consistent across all 247 narratives — the same drug names, units and phrasing, MedDRA 29.1 terms, study day with the date.

  • Facts are locked; only wording may change
Study physician

Reviews and signs. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any participant, narrative or deadline

Ask in plain words about progress, data differences, a transfer or a participant — or say what to change in the plan.

What changed in transfer 14?

Transfer 14 arrived at 08:12 with 14 changed records. Nine touch a narrative: five show a tracked change, one was re-checked with no change to the text and three wait to update. The biggest: the site moved the onset of 301-1043-0217's lung inflammation from 1 Jun to 30 May, matching the sponsor's medical review. One signed narrative (301-2604-0231) reopened because a dose date moved by a day.

Where do causality opinions come from?

Only from the data: the investigator's assessment in the AE record, the sponsor's assessment in the medical review form, and the lung adjudication committee where it applies. The writer never adds its own opinion. In 301-1043-0217 all three agree.

Will we be ready before the CSR date?

Yes, with margin. 157 of 247 are signed. At the current pace — about 8 signatures a working day — the rest are signed by about Oct 21, after the final refresh that follows database lock on Oct 16, and more than three weeks before the CSR date of Nov 13.

Add a trigger for Grade 3 or higher liver events

Done. Liver events, Grade 3 or higher (ALT or AST above 5 × upper limit, or bilirubin above 3 × upper limit) is added to the narrative plan. Against transfer 14 it matches 9 participants — none had a narrative yet: 7 on Corventa, 2 on docetaxel. Lena Ortiz is notified to approve plan version 2.2.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

Patient timelineOne participant's doses, adverse events, oxygen saturation, medicines and hospital stay on a study-day axis, with the narrative written beside it.
Sentence to dataOne sentence selected: its data points light up on the timeline at Day 84, and the records behind it open with the values used highlighted.
Tracked changes and commentsThe onset date corrected in the latest transfer, accepted as a tracked change, and the lead medical writer's comment on the causality wording.
Approve and signFacts checked, ICH E3 elements present and open changes before signing, with the meaning of the signature.
Signed and lockedThe narrative locked for section 14.3.3, with the reviewer's signature and time.
The narrative wallOne tile per participant who needs a narrative, by trigger and stage, with counts to draft, drafted, flagged, in review and signed.
A drafting runTwelve narratives drafted: participants found, timelines built, drafts written and cited, facts checked, house style applied, routed to reviewers.
A data differenceA medicine record with no dose flagged before review, with a query to the site or a reason to settle it, and the ICH E3 elements checked.
A death narrativeA fatal septic shock on docetaxel, every fact checked, waiting for the first of its two signatures.
Study dataWhat the latest SDTM transfer changed and which narratives it touched, changes per transfer and the cross-check with the sponsor's medical review.
Narrative planTriggers with their matches, the house style, and the 8-section ICH E3 12.3.2 template with the domains each section comes from.
DashboardSigned narratives against plan to the CSR date, time to first draft, medical review time, facts checked and what reviewers change.
SettingsSign-off by trigger, signing locks, writing rules and the data sources for the study.
Governance

Built for a regulator's question: cited, checked, signed.

Every sentence cites its recordsNo sentence is written without a source record. Point at one and the data points and records behind it light up, with the values used highlighted; click a point on the timeline and every sentence that uses it lights up.
A study physician signs; deaths take twoThe agents draft and check; the study physician reviews and signs with the meaning of the signature stated. A death narrative needs a second signature from the medical lead.
Signed means lockedSigning locks the narrative. A later data change reopens it only as a tracked change, which the reviewer accepts or rejects — and signing waits until every change is settled.
Medical review forms are read onlySerious events are cross-checked with the sponsor's medical review — onset, outcome and causality, field by field — but the agents never write to it and never edit study data.
Every difference reaches a personA fact that does not match its record is flagged before review. The reviewer sends the drafted query to the site or settles it with a reason, and the narrative cannot be signed until it is settled.
Every step on the audit trailEvery draft, tracked change, comment, query and signature is recorded with the person and the time. Changes to the narrative plan need the plan owner's approval.
Configuration

Your narrative plan and sign-off, not ours

Who signs, how narratives read and where the data come from are settings for each study.

SettingDefaultChoose from
DeathsDr. Sam Patel + Dr. Maya Chen — study physician, then medical leadDr. Sam Patel + Dr. Maya Chen · Dr. Sam Patel only
Events of special interestDr. Sam PatelDr. Sam Patel · Dr. Maya Chen
Serious events and discontinuationsShared between two reviewers by siteDr. Sam Patel and Dr. Priya Raman · Dr. Priya Raman only
Signing locks the narrativeOn — a later data change reopens it as a tracked changeOn · Off
Study day with the calendar dateOn — “Day 80 (30 May 2026)” at first mention in each paragraphOn · Off
Brief narratives for deaths clearly unrelated to study drugOn — 29 narratives use thisOn · Off
Include normal ranges with every lab valueOnOn · Off
Keep treatment arm hidden in the textOff after unblinding for the primary analysisOn · Off
Connections

Works with the data a narrative already comes from

Clinical databaseweekly validated SDTM transfers — DM, AE, EX, CM, MH, LB, VS, DS, MB, PR, SU
Sponsor medical reviewsmedical review forms of serious events, read only, to cross-check dates, outcome and causality
Narrative plantriggers, the ICH E3 12.3.2 template and the house style
Adjudication committee minutesread from a shared folder on each transfer
MedDRApreferred terms, with the reported term in brackets
The clinical study reportsigned narratives for section 14.3.3, exported to Word
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
48s
median to a first draft, every sentence cited
By hand≈ 4 h
With agents48 s
target
12min
of medical review per narrative, each sentence traced to its data point
By hand≈ 35 min
With agents12 min
target
99.4%
of drafted facts match the data; every difference is flagged before review
7,320 facts checked

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample study data · “target” = the design goal, measured in the live solution · “estimated” = our estimate · “typical” = published figures (Certara, “Using SDTM data to produce patient narratives” — up to 4 hours per narrative by hand, 200–400 narratives per large trial; ICH E3 §12.3.2 and §14.3.3 on what a narrative contains and where it goes). People, the study, the study drug and participants named on this page are fictional — characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What medical writing and clinical teams ask us.

What are CSR patient narratives?

ICH E3 12.3.2 asks a clinical study report to carry a short narrative for each death, each other serious adverse event and each event of special interest, usually compiled in section 14.3.3. Each describes the event, its course timed against dosing, relevant tests, action taken with the study drug, treatment, outcome and the investigator's and sponsor's causality.

How does it write a narrative from SDTM data?

The trigger finder applies your narrative plan to each transfer, the patient profile builder assembles one timeline per participant from the SDTM domains, and the narrative writer drafts in your template with every sentence cited to its records. The data checker then compares every fact with its record and the sponsor's medical review, and the style editor applies your house style.

How do reviewers check a narrative against the data?

Point at a sentence and the data points it came from light up on the participant's timeline, with the records below and the values used highlighted. The Checks tab shows each fact checked and each ICH E3 element tied to a sentence.

What happens when a new data transfer arrives?

Changed records are found and only the sentences they feed are re-drafted, as tracked changes in the reviewer's view. A signed narrative reopens only as a tracked change, and the reviewer accepts or rejects it.

Does the AI give its own causality opinion?

No. Causality comes only from the data: the investigator's assessment in the AE record, the sponsor's in the medical review form, and an adjudication committee where it applies. The writer never adds an opinion of its own.

Do people stay in control of what goes into the CSR?

Yes. The agents draft and check; a study physician reviews and signs every narrative, and a death narrative needs a second signature from the medical lead. Every data difference reaches a person, medical review forms are read only, and every step is on the audit trail.

Can we use our own template, triggers and house style?

Yes. The narrative plan holds your triggers, your template sections and your house style, and the sign-off rules, writing rules and data sources are settings. Adding a trigger shows how many participants it matches before it is approved by the plan owner.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your narrative plan, template, house style and a de-identified SDTM transfer — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on your own study data first.

See it on
your study data.

We'll run CSR Patient Narratives on a de-identified SDTM transfer and narrative plan from one of your own studies.